Wildlife Conservation In Pakistan

Life in Pakistan is full of diverse variety of flora and fauna .wild life in Pakistan is expanded throughout the country due to immense geographical and ecological diversity of Pakistan. Great variety of wildlife species like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, marine habitat is supported in   different zones of the country from tropical areas to alpine highland areas. The diversity of wildlife habitat in Pakistan, although was rich at one time, is now at the threat of extinction or decline due to environmental degradation .some of the extinction species have been recovered by the efforts of environmental conservation of Pakistan.

High land wild life :

The unique wildlife diversities are found to be living in the K-2 highland ranges and the rich life diversities are seen to be spread to the Coral reefs of Makran coasts below Sea level. Snow leopard, the biggest predator food chain is found in the snow field of Hindu Kash range, Himalayas, and the karaka ram ranges. The endangered cats species found in the highland areas are rarely seen in case if it is drawn to the village in search of the life stock. A drastic reduction has been noticed in the number of blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass. Also, the cheer pheasant has got extinct from the Pakistan’s geographical boundary. The western home tragopan was said to become extinct from the geographical boundaries of Pakistan but it is reported again to be found in the Indus Kohistan region of Pakistan in low number.

Hoofed  mammals and  diverse birds species:

Hoofed mammals like markhor and wild birds like Monal Pheasant, Western Horned tragopan are found in the alpine and the subalpine areas of Pakistan like Swat, Chitral, Dir, Kohistan, Astore, Skardu, Hunza, Gilgit, Astore, These species are considered as endangered species and are recorded as extinct in the red data book of IUCN. Suleiman  range and the Kirthar  range is composed of life habitat possessing the unique and the rare characteristics Urial ,Chinkara, Sindh ibex, which are in threat of diminishing from the territory .

Threats to wildlife diversity:

Here we will discuss some of the major threats that the wild life Pakistan  is encountering in the current era.

The increase in population :

The increase in population is rendering the pressure on the natural resources and natural habitats. Due to the economic inequality, The poor people are forced to depend on the natural resources which in turns causes the destruction of wildlife habitat.

Hunting  of wildlife :

Hunting is a tradition and old sport in Pakistan. people hunt the wildlife for their recreation in spite of the fact that hunting is considered as an illegal act,  hunting in Pakistan still  peruse and  led to the extinction of many rare species in Pakistan . People hunt the animal for the different reason some hunt for food others for the skin, and some animals like elephants are hunted for their ivory.

Irrigated agriculture:

Irrigated agriculture is an another threat to the riverine  and mangrove forest habitats in Pakistan.   There were the rich variety of plants in  these forests but these are getting extinct day by day. Their extinction will result in loss of many rare fish habitats from the ecosystem.

Deforestation:

Cutting of forests is a great threat to the wildlife habitat. It results in disappearing of habitat for the grazing animals. Cutting of trees makes the extinction of reptiles, snakes, and rare birds. Due to deforestation it is said that approximately 1% of forest are cut annually in North West Frontier Province in Pakistan.

Written By : Zarnigar Ayub Khan

Reduce, Reuse & Recycle

The waste products made by glass plastic, aluminum paper are being recycled by every state authority to conserve the natural sources and to reduce the landfill space on earth; this act also tends to save the energy wasted while making a new product from the raw material. According to recycle revolution,

“The energy saved by processing the recycling of used waste material 2005 was enough to power 9 million homes.”

Reprocessing of discarded material basically involves five steps. . In developing countries there are bins allocated for discarding the recyclable products which in turn facilitates the authorities in segregating recyclable products .while in underdeveloped countries the waste material is heaped in the same bin without the specific discrimination of recyclable material and no recyclable material.

Collection:

The first step involved in the reprocessing is the collection of recyclable products. The process of collecting material varies by the communities the recyclable material in developed communities is cast into allocated recyclable bins. While in other communities, it is done by the curbside pickup, drop-off centers.  Paper, aluminum, plastic  material stamped 1 or 2 having ethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics and  glass bottles and jars are mostly collected by the haulers.

Segregation of material:

After collection, the material is then shifted to material recovery facility (MRF) where the material is passed through a V screen separator. The material is segregated on the classification of it type: like glass is separated by the color and the plastic by its type. Aluminum products are segregated on the basis of its steel type or on the basis of its bimetallic counterparts.

The MRF sorted materials are then sent to reclaims to process them into valuable resources. The plastic material is then pushed into the grinders where they are cleaned and turned into flakes. The flakes are sometimes transferred to the manufacturers directly and often they are melted to their respective polymer types and then reformed to their pellet formed before sending to manufacturers. The glass is crushed in reclaimed into small pieces called as cullet. The cullet is often shifted to manufacturers to blend with the virgin material to make the new product .often the cullet is melted in a furnace and new glass material is directly made from the molten glass. While aluminum in reclaimed is melted at the high temperature of 2800 degree Fahrenheit the molten aluminum is then cooled down again to take the shape of ingot which is shipped to manufacturers for further processing.

Remanufacturing:

The glass, plastic, and aluminum after the processing in reclaimed are sent to manufacturers. Where they are mixed with the virgin material and a new product is manufactured from the processed material .glass and aluminum is made back into their original products like bottles, cans, jars etc. but plastic due to its variety of polymers is recycled into different products. Soda bottles are made of PET plastic materials and the recycled pet bottles are likely to be remanufactured into beverage containers.

Purchasing:

Now the products are sent to market for the consumers to purchase. It depends on you to buy products that can be recycled in order to close the loop.  By purchasing the recyclable product the demand and benefits of recycling remain sustained before buying any product make sure that the product contains the post-consumer waste .You may find the post-consumer percentage printed o the label of the product.

Written By : Zarnigar Ayub Khan

Conservation Of Nature-A source to retain healthy atmosphere

Preventing the loss or decay of natural sources and natural habitats such as wild life species, forests and natural resources is referred as nature conservation. The Law of Conservation of Natural Resources defines the natural conservation as:

“Conservation of natural resources is to manage the natural resources considering the mutual connection between man and nature, and that the quality of the nature is preserved into the future’.

Why to conserve the nature??

Nature has diverse habitation that includes many natural species, plants, green trees natural elements and resources, that are essentially necessary to keep the environment of globe in balance via maintaining  the food cycle ,bio diversity process , rain cycle and many eco- friendly systems, But as time passed there continued increase in the population of the world  that ultimately resulted in the  destruction of nature by man .Man  for his un restrained need and demands continued to clear the forest causing extinction of many rare species and plants. Even more man dug out natural materials from the mountains that resulted in disasters like Earth quakes. Most important concern due to nature extinction is the increase in the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere causing global warming resulting in irregular rain fall, floods, tsunami and many dangerous epidemics.

Nature conservation necessary to excite life processing systems:

Natural conservation is vital for many reasons as it is necessary to protect the ozone layer from duplication, to sustain animal and human food chain, to create competent use of nonrenewable resources. Natural conservation peruses to avert latent harm through procedures likes proactive management and organically bearable energy fabrication,

How to conserve the nature:

There are many ways to conserve the nature for better ecosystem. Forests should be planted to restore and retain the biodiversity and increase the oxygen level in the atmosphere to reduce global warming. Endangered species should be protected from the extinction, lots of species are at the brink of extinction. They should be provided with ideal ecosystem to retain their race and species. Of earths total water only 30% percent water is drinkable the rest of the water is saline or underground so water resources should be conserved and the water used in homes and other places should be used with great care to preserve it for the future generation. Fossils fuel found on the nature’s surface is overwhelming energy sources that are meeting the daily use requirements of Earth, these resources causes adverse danger to the surrounding while they are harvested out. These are non-renewable sources, so they need to be reserved for daily use and the future generation. Once they get extinct there will be extreme energy crisis throughout the world so they need to be use cautiously.  Marin life and the sea life is continuously been affected by the polluting waste matter and toxic water flow from the factories that is resulting in extinction of marine life and coral reef it is evident fact that only 1 percent of the seas are under protection.so such activities should be promoted to keep the seas and ocean away from the harmful material marine life should be protected from destruction illegally. Environment awareness need to be created among the people to conserve the nature much is done and much is needed more to save the nature with mutual co-operation of the individuals and the  groups the natural conservation cause can be answered to great extent.

 

 

Wildlife Management & Conservation-Global Issue

Among all other blessings of nature, wildlife species are the one. Most of us think that wildlife species are in abundance on earth, but the truth is something else. Their number is declining with time and if we wouldn’t take any action to control then might be possible that some of the species would become extinct or endangered.

What the wildlife conservation is?

Wildlife conservation is basically efforts or tries to save the threatened species of plants and animals along with their habitations. Main objective of wildlife conservation is to preserve the habitats so that the future generations could be safe and sound. Additionally, the aim is to raise awareness about wildlife conservation and the wilderness.

Actions taking by government and NGOs:

Luckily, there are many government and non-government organizations that are working in this field, and raising awareness among people. Certain policies have been made specifically to save the animals. Taking actions to conserve wildlife is of very much importance.

Importance of wildlife conservation:

Importance of wildlife conservation can be estimated from the fact that a lot of medicines are made by chemicals produced by animals. These medicines are widely used for many heart diseases and many other internal disorders. According to a survey more than 25% of the medical prescriptions given every year contain chemicals from animals. Now a day scientists are working to cure the neurological disorders by venom from a tarantula.

Global Wildlife Ecosystem

Conserving wildlife is indispensable for a healthy and proper functioning ecosystem. The whole balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed if wildlife will be extracted from their habitats, resulting in a disastrous situation. For moment, think that specie living in a rain forest has become extinct. The whole food chain of the ecosystem will be disrupted by this situation affecting the whole ecosystem functioning and all the species.

In order to avoid the severe and disastrous conditions, we should promote the actions to conserve wildlife.